Summary Using data from our BEEST model (Bitcoin Energy and Emissions Sustainability Tracker), and comparing to publicly available data of other industry sub-sectors, we charted sustainable energy mix...

Executive Summary We find that the most oft-cited emissions calculation (CCAF’s estimated emissions) for the Bitcoin network overestimates true emissions by > 100%. The emissions numbers is...

Acknowledgements: Mason Jappa – Blockware, the team at Luxor and Fred Thiel – Marathon for making their data, models and methodologies available Executive Summary For several years the...

Overview: From our research it would appear that whenever a disruptive technology come into being, it is attacked. Such was the case for the radio, the book, the bicycle and more recently the Internet....

Overview In previous literature, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) postulated that the major energy source used by the Bitcoin network was coal. In my Feb 2023 article in Bitcoin magazine,...

Now that we have a new model (BEEST), based on the CCAF model, with known exclusions added in, we can start asking this model some intriguing questions. Right now, a lot of people are asking me a lot...

The most familiar sound I have heard all morning is sirens and the sound of neighbours making makeshift repairs. This wasn’t supposed to happen. This was supposed to be our grandchildren’s issue not ours....

Introduction We are at an inflection point in Bitcoin mining history. Policy decisions made now will have far-reaching consequences. So it is more important than ever that these decisions are based on...

Setting the Scene You have probably heard about Bitcoin by now. Whether what you have heard makes sense, or is accurate is less certain. Whatever understanding you come with, I invite you to put that...

Executive Summary: 291.9 MW of power from vented carbon negative sources such as landfill gas would make the entire Bitcoin network carbon neutral. To put in context how achievable this is: if Bitcoin...